prog is taking a pop song, splitting the chords into years, constructing scales as a foundation to those chords into eons and giving the universe time to catch up.
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So, it has been a while since I wrote anything in this thread. My last post was in 2019, and quite a lot has happened in the world of music since then. Therefore, perhaps it is time to ask the old question once again: what is Prog in the 2020s?
Well, if someone had told me twenty or thirty years ago that one day Progressive music would be available to almost anyone, anywhere, without the permission of a record company, I probably would have found it difficult to believe. Yet this is exactly where we are now. The Internet, streaming platforms, Bandcamp, YouTube and home-recording technology have completely changed the situation. Today, a young musician can compose, record, produce and release a progressive album without ever entering a traditional recording studio or signing a contract with a record label.
And the result? An absolutely enormous amount of Prog!
Our beloved genre has become more fragmented than ever, but perhaps this fragmentation is actually one of its greatest strengths. There is no longer any single centre of Progressive music. Prog is coming from almost everywhere. We have traditional progressive rock, sympho-rock, progressive metal, Canterbury, jazz-rock, experimental rock, neo-prog, post-progressive, prog-folk, chamber progressive, progressive electronic, and countless hybrids that are difficult to put into any category at all.
And this is perhaps the most interesting thing about Prog in the 2020s: the genre has become a kind of musical crossroads. A contemporary Prog band can take something from King Crimson, something from Yes, something from Genesis, something from Jazz, Metal, Electronic music, Folk, World music, Post-Rock or even modern pop – and turn all those ingredients into something that did not exist before.
Progressive metal is especially interesting in this respect. What started with bands such as Dream Theater bringing the virtuosity and compositional ambitions of Prog into the Metal world has developed into an enormous musical universe of its own. Today, there are bands whose music would have been almost impossible to imagine in the early 1970s: extremely heavy, technically astonishing, rhythmically complex, yet unmistakably Progressive.
At the same time, I don't think that the classic Progressive Rock tradition has disappeared at all. On the contrary, there are still contemporary musicians who deliberately work within the Symphonic, Canterbury, Jazz-Rock or classic Prog traditions. The difference is that today they are not necessarily trying to imitate the Seventies. They can use the vocabulary of the classic genres while speaking with their own musical language.
And perhaps this is the real answer to the question “What's Prog?” in the 2020s.
Prog is no longer one particular sound.
It is an attitude towards music.
It is the willingness to go beyond the standard song format, to experiment with structure, harmony, rhythm, instrumentation and atmosphere; to combine things that supposedly don't belong together; and, most importantly, to make music without worrying too much about whether it will fit comfortably into a three-minute radio format.
In the late Sixties and Seventies, Progressive musicians challenged the limitations of the pop and rock establishment. In the late Sixties and Seventies, progressive musicians challenged pop conventions, before facing terminal material fatigue in the late 1980s, only to be resurrected by Dream Theater and heavy metal and later revitalized by internet distribution in the 2000s and 2010s.
And now, in the 2020s, Prog has perhaps become more alive, diverse and difficult to define than at any previous time.
Some people will undoubtedly complain that there is too much mediocre music around nowadays. They are probably right – there is a lot of mediocre music. But there is also an astonishing amount of magnificent music, and finding it has never been easier.
So, is Prog alive in the 2020s?
Absolutely.
Perhaps it has never been more alive.
And now, instead of simply talking about the diversity of contemporary Prog, here are three examples from the 2020s that illustrate what I mean.
First, we have England – because, well, Britain gave Prog to the world in the first place. 😎
Legs On Wheels Arnold the Slime King, live @ Sacred Trinity Church, Salford, 2024
Next, let's travel to Serbia; progressive music certainly hasn't been an Anglo-American monopoly for a long time. BTW, the singer here is the same one you saw with the Serbian Progressive Metal band Lavina at Eurovision 2026, as he sings lead vocals in both bands.
Monah Iza ogledala live @ BUNT Festival, Belgrade, 2024
And finally, Greece, with Naxatras and their magnificent take on space-rock.
Naxatras The Great Attractor live @ Fuzz Club, Athens, 2022
Three countries, three very different approaches, and yet all three belong comfortably under the wonderfully elastic umbrella of Prog.
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Right now, in the mid-2020s, there is an absolute explosion of experimental music happening right before our eyes. For years, mainstream critics treated the complex, dissonant legacies of rock-in-opposition, Zeuhl, and Zappa-esque avant-prog as museum pieces – relics of a bygone underground era. But the current scene is proving them dead wrong. A new generation of fiercely independent artists is tearing up the rulebook once again, utilising modern technology and lawless internet platforms to bypass traditional industry gatekeepers entirely. We are witnessing an incredible wave of music that is hyper-complex, technically astonishing, and completely unapologetic in its eccentricity. I've been tracking this corner of the underground for a long time, and the sheer volume of high-quality, radical music dropping at this very moment is nothing short of spectacular. To show you exactly what I mean, here are some of the most vital, challenging, and groundbreaking tracks making waves right now:
Jon Samsworth Restructured Disasters live @ Oxford Brookes 2023
Pateka Cafe Chroma/Night Stairs live @ garage 2025
microdosemike Exodus live @ spiral_records 2024
Fulguromatic Hidden Realm live @ Rennes 2025
Les Fées Cosmiques Surface Argentée live @ La Maison de l’étudiant ŕ Caen 2024
Geordie Greep Holy, Holy live @ Koko 2025
Širom Curls Upon the Neck, Ribs Upon the Mountain/The Hangman's Shadow Fifteen Years live @ The state51 Factory 2026
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Speaking of the vast landscape of European progressive and experimental music, it would be unfair to discuss the 2020s without shining a massive spotlight on the current, mind-bending progressive independent labels. For example, Brussels' label Ugoki! (a name meaning "movement" in Japanese, serving as an homage to the legendary Impulse! label) has built a sanctuary where traditional boundaries are completely dismantled.
A perfect example of this sonic curation is their 2026 reissue of the album Platform One by the Belgian avant-prog-jazz-rock heavyweights, The Wrong Object. For this project, the band teamed up with the legendary trumpeter Harry Beckett, born in Barbados but a mainstay on the British progressive jazz scene since the early 1960s, and trombonist Annie Whitehead. Recorded live in studio, Platform One is a powerful record, bursting with progressive fusion energy akin to that of Nucleus, The Keith Tippett Group, Soft Machine, and other British jazz-rock/fusion outfits from the 1970s. Having that in mind, it's quite interesting that the album marks an exploration of Zappa's heritage. You can hear their superb take on Zappa's Big Swifty in the player here.
Big Swifty (Frank Zappa cover) by The Wrong Object
Moving over to the Baltic, we uncover a young force: Jersika Records from Riga, Latvia. Founded in 2017, this label has single-handedly revitalised the Baltic avant-garde and progressive jazz landscape. What makes Jersika so fascinating to any genuine prog-head is their uncompromising ethos. All of their releases are recorded completely analogue – captured live, directly to a Studer reel-to-reel tape recorder without a single digital overdub and cut straight to lacquer.
A spectacular example of this raw, living sound is the superb Hammond organ-driven jazz-rock album Organic City (2022) by the Atis Andersons Organ Trio. Their brilliant instrumental titled Ishinomaki, features a remarkably rocked-out pulse packed with a high energy.
Ishinomaki by Atis Andersons Organ Trio
Shifting our gaze to Austria, we encounter another outstanding hub for sonic subversion: Boomslang Records. Based in the small village of Bezau, this independent label has quietly earned a formidable reputation amongst avant-garde circles for releasing incredibly dense, dark, and complex contemporary improvisational music.
A spectacular testament to their uncompromising vision is the brand-new debut album The Moon is not there when nobody looks by the avant-prog outfit WOBBLE8. This fascinating record explores a territory of electrified darkness and heavy, unstable structures. One of the highlights here is an instrumental titled #3 - Zardoz (Disinformation). Driven by a crazy interplay between synthesisers and screeching wind instruments, it feels like a thoroughly modern, disorienting descent into avant-prog madness.
#3 - Zardoz (Disinformation) by WOBBLE8
Moving further into the vibrant undercurrents of the 2020s, another exceptional imprint mapping out the future of avant-prog and progressive jazz is Ayler Records. Originally founded in Sweden back in 2000, the label found a brilliant new lease of life after relocating to France in 2009. Since then, it has become an essential haven for some of the most daring musicians from across the continent, consistently releasing top-tier works that push the envelope of modern experimental, avant-garde and progressive music.
A staggering testament to their contemporary curation is the music of Parisian flautist, composer, and vocalist Sylvaine Hélary. Her epic, almost 16-minute long song Where it begins – taken from her masterpiece album Glowing Life from 2020 – presents the artist's avant-garde take on the Canterbury scene aesthetic. It offers a cinematic expansion of the avant-prog architecture, flawlessly blurring the lines between structured composition and adventurous exploration.
Where it begins by Sylvaine Hélary
To continue this curation of the European underground music labels, we must head to the heart of Prague to explore the phenomenal work of Polí5. Since its inception this fiercely independent Czech label has been the ultimate sanctuary for the most radical avant-garde, experimental jazz and non-conformist music from Central Europe.
A masterful testament to their daring catalogue is the brilliant album Magic Drum by the progressive psychedelia outfit Sun+Dead. Delivered primarily as a core duo of a guitarist/vocalist and a percussionist, the record expands into a massive sonic landscape thanks to a bunch of additional guest musicians – most notably the prominent synthesiser wizard Chris Koltay. The highlight is the 14-minute epic How To Make It Big In Macedonia (featuring Chris Koltay), which you can experience in the Bandcamp player here. It delivers a magnificent blend of progressive psychedelic drift and sharp avant-garde touches, proving that Polí5 remains at the absolute cutting edge of the continental underground.
How To Make It Big In Macedonia by Sun+Dead
As for Italy, as a land of progressive and avant-garde music, we run into a non-conformist underground thing. That's HySM?, a label from Taranto, in Apulia. Since 2008, this uncompromising avant-garde label has curated a chaotic, brilliant sanctuary for avant-rock, free jazz, and heterodox sound experiments.
A quintessential monument to their unpredictable catalogue is the magnificent album Il Giorno Della Scommessa (2020) by the experimental multi-instrumental duo Atomik Gorilla. The record is a masterclass in crooked, heavy funk-tinged avant-prog, drenched in raw bass grooves and analogue synthesiser loops. The ultimate crowning achievement of the release is an over 17-minute track, Tutti Noi Siamo Esseri Tenebrosi + Bčlo Lugosi. It functions as a shape-shifting epic that transitions from claustrophobic electronics featuring diabolic voices and animal sounds to explosive, fully unleashed, jazzy psychedelia not far from krautrock.
Tutti Noi Siamo Esseri Tenebrosi + Bčlo Lugosi by Atomik Gorilla
To round up this trip to London, England we have to check out the trailblazing powerhouse Jazz Re:Freshed. Operating as a legendary non-profit organisation and imprint since 2003, this label has been absolutely pivotal in reshaping the modern British jazz landscape.
A monumental example of their ability to capture progressive-minded fusion is the 2023 album Oumuamua by the stellar London quartet Golden Mean. Featuring a powerhouse line-up with musicians from Yussef Kamaal and Nubiyan Twist, the band deliberately incorporates trippy beats, vintage retro synths, and proggy choruses into their intricate jazz framework. The ultimate highlight is the soaring, space-age title track, which you can spin in the player below. It is a dreamy journey that beautifully bridges 1970s jazz-rock/fusion traditions with a fiercely modern, boundary-defying attitude.
Oumuamua by Golden Mean
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The "What's Prog?" Hall of Fame: A Countdown of the Weirdest Ways People Have Tried to Define the Genre
If you ask ten music critics to define progressive rock, you will easily get twelve furious arguments and at least three existential crises. Because our beloved genre refuses to stay neatly inside its box, people have come up with some downright bizarre, reductive, or wonderfully unhinged theories to explain it over the years.
As a follow-up to our definitive guide on how prog actually works, let’s take a look at a cheeky countdown of the absolute strangest definitions, myths, and "alternative facts" about progressive rock.
5. The "It Was Just a Five-Year Phase" Theory
The Claim: Progressive rock is not a musical genre at all; it was simply a historical blip that occurred between 1969 and 1974.
The Reality: Rigid music historians love this one. They argue that once punk rock arrived to clear the decks in the mid-seventies, prog died a permanent, clinical death. According to this theory, any music made after 1974 with odd time signatures or conceptual narratives isn't real progressive rock – it's just highly elaborate historical reenactment. Tell that to the entire Neo-Prog movement of the eighties or the thriving modern prog-metal scene!
4. The "Mellotron-or-Bust" Technicality
The Claim: If it doesn't feature a flute, a twenty-minute keyboard solo, or a wizard on the album cover, it cannot be classified as prog.
The Reality: This is the checklist definition. It completely misses the spirit of the movement. By reducing a massive, boundary-pushing meta-genre down to a few aesthetic tropes, these gatekeepers end up arguing that an incredibly innovative piece of music isn't "prog" simply because the guitarist didn't use a twelfth-century time signature or sing about elves.
To utterly demolish this notion, one only needs to look at how a lean power-trio could deliver pure progressive genius without relying on walls of synthesisers. A spectacular example comes from the legendary 1970s Italian progressive scene. The Genovese trio Osage Tribe, armed with just a guitar, bass, and drums, proved with their 1972 track Offici bianchi veli that complex time shifts, soaring instrumentation, and adventurous rock could be achieved through sheer musicianship alone, completely bypassing the "mandatory" symphonic tropes:
3. The "Anti-Blues" Extinction Event
The Claim: Prog rock was a deliberate, elitist conspiracy to completely scrub African-American blues influences out of popular music.
The Reality: Whilst it is historically true that British prog musicians in 1967 felt constrained by the ubiquitous blues-rock boom and turned to jazz, classical, and European folk for inspiration, they didn't completely erase the blues. You only have to listen to the heavy, blistering riffs of 21st Century Schizoid Man or the raw grit of Jethro Tull to hear that the blues DNA was still very much alive – it had just been mutated in a laboratory.
To perfectly shatter this myth, one needn't look only to Britain. Continental Europe, and particularly the rich ex-Yugoslav progressive scene, offered stunning proof of how blues and prog could intertwine. A prime example is the legendary Serbian guitarist R. M. Točak (from Smak) and his mind-bending 1976 instrumental, Organizam Blues – a track that takes traditional blues sensibilities and stretches them into a progressive rock masterpiece:
2. The "If You Can Define It, It Isn't Prog" Paradox
The Claim: True progressive rock must actively progress. Therefore, the moment a band uses established prog clichés, they are actually being "regressive" and are no longer prog.
The Reality: This is a spectacular piece of philosophical mental gymnastics. By this logic, the only true prog bands of the late seventies were actually post-punk and New Wave acts because they were the ones genuinely introducing new sounds to the radio. It creates a hilarious paradox where Pink Floyd stops being a progressive psychedelic band because they sound too much like Pink Floyd.
1. The "Great Journalist Delusion" (The Genre That Never Was)
The Claim: Progressive rock never existed. It was entirely made up by music journalists in London to sell magazines.
The Reality: This is the ultimate contrarian take, and funnily enough, it was often championed by the musicians themselves! While some fathers of the genre have accepted the badge over time, others spent decades in interviews flatly denying that they played "prog." A prime example is Jon Anderson from Yes, who historically cringed at the label, preferring to describe his band's sweeping, epic soundscapes as "adventurous rock." Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull frequently echoed similar sentiments, insisting they were just rock bands who happened to have a bit of creative freedom. It leaves us with a wonderfully weird idea: a massive, globally influential cultural movement that filled stadiums worldwide, all based on a collective journalistic hallucination.
To close out this look at the genre's many definitions, who better to cut through the noise than the ultimate musical iconoclast? Frank Zappa was always famously amusing, sharp, and brutally honest about the industry. Here is a short audio footage of Zappa sharing his own unmistakable take on what progressive rock really is:
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What's Post-Progressive?
A newbie will often see the term 'post-progressive' these days. Post-progressive isn't a revival. It's an attempt to keep the progressive spirit alive without falling back on old aesthetics. The movement looks forward, absorbing developments that happened after the classic era. Genre boundaries? They're flexible now, not fixed. So, the "post" doesn't signal an end. It signals a progression beyond the traditional vocabulary. Sure, you still get extended compositions and virtuoso displays. But this contemporary wave also pulls from alternative rock, post-rock, and post-punk. There's ambient texture here. Electronic beats. Art rock. Jazz-rock. You can still hear it. The early 70s progressive psychedelic style, ŕ la Pink Floyd's outburst for the final scene of Antonioni’s Zabriskie Point, lingers occasionally. Even sympho-rock can be detected. However, at its core, post-progressive represents an attempt to preserve the progressive impulse without becoming a mere revival of the 70s prog aesthetics.
To give you an idea of how this translates to modern music, here are five excellent examples (not in any particular order) that carry the post-progressive philosophy:
Ghost Toast Chasing Time (from Shade Without Color, 2022)
This instrumental outfit from Debrecen, Hungary, proves post-progressive has moved past mere retro imitation. The track leans into heavy, cinematic cello textures and dark electronic sampling, building a post-rock atmosphere that prioritises mood over flashy individual soloing.
Thus Live Humans Postmodern Deconstruction (from Art Déco, 2025)
Ambitious. That's the only word for it. The track by the French band doesn't just blend genres; it forces a collision between the structural complexity of progressive rock and the jagged edges of experimental rock. Then it drops in gritty, atmospheric post-metal textures. The result is dense. Heavy and complex.
WarxTron Shattered Satellites (from Shattered Satellites, 2024)
A fascinating track by the band from Argentina. Expectations are reshaped through the acoustic guitar intro and the use of a vintage Mellotron. This song, however, isn't a 1970s sympho-rock pastiche. The track weaves the instrument's haunting, organic textures into rich sci-fi soundscapes. Dynamic rhythm shifts and heavy space-ambient moods follow. The result is a modern take on progressive psychedelia that feels entirely fresh.
The Weever Sands Moonfish (Opah) (from Moonfish. Songs of Love and Water, 2024)
A twenty-eight-minute behemoth. The German group doesn't just play post-progressive music here; they redefine the long-form structure. Forget aggressiveness and Weltschmerz. The focus is elsewhere: a gentle, oceanic soundscape. Delicate folk acoustic fabrics are woven into minimalist structures and ambient textures. It's a Mike Oldfield-inspired exploration of inner peace. Peaceful, yes, but complex.
And There Stand Empires Albatross by Lamplight (from Ceremonial Syndrome, 2018)
A beautiful reminder from the US outfit that jazz within the post-progressive music isn't just a relic but is still a vital catalyst. Forget guitar shredding here. Vibraphone textures and dreamy keys drive a spacious instrumental instead. The result is a cool, smoky jazz-rock feel woven into modern post-prog geometry. Jazz-rock? Repurposed for today's sonic landscape.
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How's the Condition of Prog Metal These Days? – The 2020s Renaissance (And Why Doomers Are Dead Wrong)
Every single week, I can read on music forums only to see the same tired, agonizingly pedantic threads: "Is progressive metal dead?", "The genre has fallen into crisis," or my personal favourite, "Nothing good has come out since 1999."
Let's be entirely honest with ourselves – it is complete and utter babble.
The people parroting these narratives are completely detached from what is actually happening in the underground. They are stuck in a nostalgic echo chamber, waiting for a clone of 90s Dream Theater to miraculously appear, while completely ignoring the absolute goldmine of the 2020s expression. Metal hasn't fallen into a crisis; it has evolved past the rigid formulas of the past. Today's scene is more fluid, emotionally raw, and genuinely progressive than it has been in decades. It has traded textbook technical flexing for brilliant atmosphere, cross-genre experimentation, and superb songwriting.
If your ears are open, the proof is right in front of you. To illustrate exactly why the doomers are wrong, here is a chronological journey through five songs that are absolute masterclasses in modern progressive metal released already this decade:
Mysteria Noctis Thoughts (from Vulnera, released in October 2020, Italy)
Kicking off the decade amidst global chaos, this track from the album Vulnera proved that progressive metal still holds an unmatched capacity for deep, introspective storytelling. It anchors technicality within a dark, hauntingly atmospheric framework that hits right in the chest.
Hemina Embraced by Clouds (from Romancing the Ether, released in August 2023, Australia)
Taken from the beautiful Romancing the Ether album, this song totally shattered the myth that modern prog lacks ambition. It has soaring vocal arrangements and complex rhythmic interplay without ever losing its emotional core.
Giant Face Cosmic Happenstance (single, released in November 2023, England, UK)
This debut single, actually an intro to a masterpiece self-titled album released in 2025, is the perfect antidote to the "everything sounds the same" argument. A brilliant, synths-driven cosmic trip, showing just how much room there still is for spacey quirkiness in the modern scene.
Ihlo Replica (from Legacy, released in August 2025, England, UK)
A definitive highlight from their massive sophomore album Legacy. Replica perfectly embodies the 2020s British prog-metal identity. It seamlessly fuses heavy, modern djent grooves with lush synths, sudden dynamic shifts, and an aggressive breakdown that leaves traditional prog-metal tropes in the dust.
Lavina Fall Apart (single, released in September 2026, Serbia)
Our most recent evidence that the genre is thriving right now. This track marks Lavina's first single released since this progressive metal band proudly represented Serbia in the final night of the Eurovision contest in Vienna 2026. Lavina has an incredible balance of heavy riffs, intricate modern production, and an immensely powerful, soaring vocal delivery, proving that the scene's current momentum isn't slowing down – it's accelerating.
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How's the Pulse of Progressive Electronic These Days? — The Analog Defiance (And why the "No Soul" Crowd is Clueless)
If I see one more thread whimpering about how modern electronic music is just "soulless computer noise" or "lazy bedroom trackpads," I might actually lose my mind.
It is the ultimate lazy critique from people who stopped truly accepting new music in 2004. They hide behind this elitist wall, completely blind to the fact that the 2020s are currently witnessing a massive, fiercely independent analog defiance.
Progressive electronic isn't getting lazy. It's getting lawless.
Underground artists are digging deep. They're pulling from modular synthesis, Eurorack gear, and vintage hardware. The result? Sprawling sonic landscapes. Deeply unpredictable ones. There's grit here. Real human organic warmth. Compare that to the sterile rock albums dominating the mainstream? No contest. It's complex. Hypnotic. Uncompromising. It takes genuine skill to tame these machines and force them into structures that stretch over eons, rather than just loops for a cheap radio format.
If your mind is open and you actually want to hear the machines breathe, the proof is right here. To show the cynics exactly how much soul is left in the wires, here is a chronological journey through five instrumental masterclasses defining the genre of progressive electronic music in the 2020s:
Ott That Morning We Went Up the Hill (from Heads, released in May 2022, England, UK)
This track is a magnificent slice of progressive and outstanding electronic music. Starting with a witty field-recording of a rooster crowing in the morning as its intro, the composition quickly expands into a sublime cosmic journey. The track features the legendary cosmic pair themselves – Steve Hillage delivering his signature space-rock ethereality and Miquette Giraudy anchoring that otherworldliness on drums and synths. It is an absolute masterclass in texturing, proving that contemporary electronic music can be as organic and deeply alive as any traditional arrangement.
Jim Kirkwood Exilic Visions (from The Apocalypse of a Soul, released in July 2024, England, UK)
A sprawling, 28-minute haunting Berlin School epic that completely commands your attention. Kirkwood's background is fascinating – he stepped back from fronting a metal band in the late 1980s to explore solo instrumental territories, and that dramatic instinct shines through here. The track masterfully merges a grand sympho-rock idiom and gothic rock sensibilities with classic Berlin School electronic music. It is a complex and deeply atmospheric journey that will not leave any true lover of progressive electronics cold.
Heritix Dakini (from Temple of the Moon Goddess, released in December 2024, England, UK)
This is an absolute epic in modern progressive electronic music, lifted from a 9-track concept album dedicated to nine moon goddesses. Instead of drowning in endless repetition, Dakini builds an incredibly rich sonic narrative, featuring a female singing layered over dense synthesiser foundations, eventually culminating in a soaring electric guitar solo. It is a masterclass in how complex electronic arrangements can still possess a dramatic soul.
Rick Whitehurst and Krystal Pavlović Like Wow, Black Widow (from Spider, released in April 2026, USA)
A collaboration between an eclectic artist like Rick Whitehurst (aka Bakullama) and a young multidisciplinary artist with fresh ideas like Krystal Pavlović was bound to produce something truly valuable. This track delivers a fantastical, brooding sci-fi atmosphere that feels like the ultimate treat for anyone who loves sinking into a sofa and watching grim, dystopian cinema while utterly baked. It is beautifully strange, cinematic progressive electronic music at its absolute finest – proving that synths today can sound remarkably warm, dangerous, and deeply organic.
Fallgruber Forkvaklingar (from Paa det jćvne, released in June 2026, Norway)
A phenomenal debut release from a Norwegian progressive electronic duo whose musical ideas actually trace back to cassette-tape improvisations in the 1990s. Forkvaklingar successfully avoids the typical "electronica" tropes by trading danceable beats for thoroughly composed, maximalist, and wonderfully whimsical structures. It is a highly complex piece of progressive electronic art, that completely laughs in the face of anyone claiming modern electronics lack depth or human grit.
So, the next time someone tries to tell you that progressive electronic music has run out of ideas, send them this list. The 2020s aren't a crisis; they are a renaissance. We just need to stop listening to the gatekeepers and start listening to the music.
Keep it prog.
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When Rock Dissolved into the Ether – The Story of Ambient Rock
When one thinks of prog, one usually associates it with intricacy. One associates it with the keyboard wiz, the extended melodic excursions, and the twenty-minute symphonic excursions. It is a very multifaceted meta-genre, but there is another branch of it, equally deserving of attention, that took the basic tenets of progressive music and turned it on its head. Ambient rock.
While sympho-rock seeks to recreate the towering Gothic cathedral of sound, ambient rock is all about the landscape beyond the cathedral. It is about taking away the pressures of time and allowing one's music-making abilities to flow freely. It is a different kind of experimentation, which poses a different question to its listeners. Ambient rock is about using the instruments of progressive rock in new ways to accentuate different virtues within this grand form.
German Visionaries - Popol Vuh
To examine where this particular blend of rock and atmosphere takes its roots, let us go to the early seventies German scene. While some were busy following the motorik school of thought, Florian Fricke and his band of merry men, Popol Vuh, were going the other way. They were pioneers of the Moog synthesiser, but they quickly outgrew its limitations and began searching for a more humanistic sound. Albums such as Hosianna Mantra (1972) or soundtracks created for director Werner Herzog saw Fricke and co. combining acoustic guitars, oboe, piano, sitar, you name it, into a unique blend of ethereal sounds. It was the first time the rock idiom had been utilised in such a free, unhinged way, using instruments that did not conform to the rigid verse-chorus-verse structure. A holy atmosphere, both ancient and simultaneously modern, was created by this band, proving that progressive music was not only about the ability to dazzle the listener with a one-minute guitar solo, but it could be deep, meaningful, and profoundly spiritual.
Popol Vuh Kyrie (German TV, 1973)
The Symphonic Landscape: Mike Oldfield's Pastoral Drones
At the same time in England, a nineteen-year-old prodigy was already experimenting with the means of studio technology to generate expansive soundscapes. While Mike Oldfield's Tubular Bells (1973) could be seen as the most obvious example of his work, his contributions to the development of ambient rock are found in the deeply textured B-sides of his early works, as well as the following compositions Hergest Ridge (1974) and Ommadawn (1975).
Oldfield made extensive and innovative use of the studio as a place to layer multiple guitar tracks, glockenspiels, and organs on top of one another in order to achieve a certain effect. Instead of using standard rock instrumentation and arranging it into rhythmic patterns, the musician relied on drones, and slow swelling and fading tones that evoke an English countryside landscape. Oldfield’s compositions create a cyclic structure, which makes them similar to symphonic music. However, instead of being tied to a strict rhythmic pattern, they produce an effect akin to weather conditions – rolling waves of sound that engulf the listener in their depth.
Mike Oldfield Ommadawn (the 7-inch single version, 1975)
The Cinematic Horizon - Vangelis and Earth
At around the same time, a Greek keyboardist situated in Paris, before becoming the go-to man for movie soundtracks (most notably Blade Runner), Vangelis Papathanassiou was a part of the progressive rock band Aphrodite's Child, and his solo work Earth (1973) is a landmark in the history of ambient rock. It is a strange, very eclectic album, which sees Vangelis utilising symphonic synthesiser patches, tribal drums, various acoustic instruments and some very atmospheric drones as sonic building blocks. There is a sense of space and vastness in the track listing, and Vangelis manages to invoke the image of a primordial landscape, with his music serving as its soundtrack. It is a strange way to approach the progressive rock ethos, but this is exactly the kind of innovation that progressive music is all about.
Vangelis Let It Happen (from Earth, 1973)
The Architecture of Sound - Brian Eno's Another Green World
Across the channel, meanwhile, a self-proclaimed non-musician was busy revolutionising the way the English approached their musical output. Having forsaken his tenure as a member of Roxy Music, Brian Eno took to the streets, armed with a healthy budget and a set of ideas that would see the light of day in the most influential solo work of his career, the landmark Another Green World (1975). Rock music was entering a new phase in its evolution, and the closest thing this school of thought had to a manifesto was the work of Brian Eno. Collaborators such as Robert Fripp (King Crimson) and Phil Collins (Genesis) helped him realise his ideas on how rock music should be made, using the studio as an instrument and expanding the palette of what was considered the sonic possibilities of the rock arrangement. Listen to the title track, or In Dark Trees, from Another Green World, and marvel at the sheer audacity and ambition of this endeavour. It is a highly accessible type of prog, one that sought to balance the very sophisticated nature of what it did with a certain degree of restraint. Eno was a visionary who needed to get his ideas out there, and the rest of the progressive music world would follow his lead.
Brian Eno In Dark Trees (from Another Green World, 1975)
So, why is this post all about ambient rock? Why it fits into "What's Prog" thread?
Because
It took the sonic experimentation, the innovation, and the daring spirit of the 1970s progressive rock movement and applied them to the concept of space. Ambient rock introduced a whole new universe of possibilities to an awed young musician, one who was eager to break free from the shackles of standard rock and power-chord progressions. Without this particular branch of the progressive music tree, we would not have the benefit of the rich, expansive soundscapes crafted by modern-day ambient rock artists such as Daniel Land in the UK, Numün in the US, or Stefano Panunzi in Italy that are, on their Bandcamp pages and among other tags, all tagged as ambient rock. It is the kind of music that makes one feel more connected to the universe, and that kind of music is as prog as it gets.
Daniel Land & The Modern Painters Lighting Out for the Territories (from Love Songs for the Chemical Generation, 2009)
Numün Tranquility Base (from Voyage au soleil, 2020)
Stefano Panunzi Stepping out of Your Dream (from Caravaggio, 2026)
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When Tradition Splits Wide Open – An Introduction to Avant-Folk
While we often associate progressive music with sprawling synthesisers, complex time signatures, and sci-fi concept albums, there is an entire world of progressive experimentation happening on the acoustic spectrum of folk music, fused with distinct influences of the avant-garde music. If you fancy a dip into something deeply atmospheric, rhythmically unfettered, and fiercely independent, you need to check out the avant-folk subgenre.
At its core, avant-folk takes the raw, storytelling essence of traditional acoustic music and completely deconstructs it using avant-garde methods. Instead of sticking to standard verse-chorus patterns, artists utilise non-standard tunings, ambient drones, field recordings, and improvisational structures. It is pastoral music stripped of its comfort, replaced instead by a haunting, uncanny brilliance as a product of experimentation by avant-garde-infused artists.
Here are five fantastic songs from the past half-century where traditional folk music is completely upended by undeniable avant-garde influences:
Nico Frozen Warnings (from The Marble Index, 1968)
Relentless, discordant harmonium drones and microtonal viola arrangements courtesy of John Cale. Her deep, gothic vocals float over a shifting wall of heavy drone that completely avoids standard folk chord progressions, creating a bleak, modernist masterpiece that feels entirely alienated from its time.
Comus Diana (from First Utterance, 1971)
Musique concrčte pacing, frantic time changes, and primal, theatrical vocal delivery. Instead of the polite, gentle acoustic music of the era, Comus used acoustic guitars, oboe, and hand drums to create a manic, genuinely unsettling pagan nightmare built on fragmented structures.
Begnagrad Pijana (Drinking One) (from Begnagrad, 1982)
Rapid-fire, dizzying Balkan time signatures, manic clarinet runs, and unhinged accordion counterlines. Related to Europe's Rock in Opposition (RIO) movement, this Slovenian band smashes Alpine and Eastern European folk dances into a brilliant, chaotic, carnivalesque avant-garde grinder.
Gastr del Sol Bauchredner (from Camoufleur, 1998)
Deconstructed, jagged acoustic phrasing, sudden cut-and-paste tape editing, and unpredictable bursts of mathematical chamber brass. David Grubbs and Jim O'Rourke take quiet acoustic picking and subvert it with concrete studio wizardry, redefining traditional folk through a highly cerebral lens.
Jack O'the Clock Errol at Twenty-Three (from Repetitions of the Old City II, 2018)
Complex, contrapuntal chamber arrangements, shifting time signatures, and unexpected bassoon and hammer dulcimer duels. The track constantly shifts shape like a folk-laden Gentle Giant, cramming academic woodwind textures directly into a rustic, melancholic ballad.
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Beyond the Shred – The Ghostly Landscapes of Ambient-Fusion
When we looked at the progressive fusion genre in one of our previous posts we touched upon how artists like Terje Rypdal and Eberhard Weber carved out a uniquely atmospheric, European space with stellar albums like Waves and Yellow Fields. But their experimentation didn't stop at redefining fusion grooves. There is a parallel universe lying right on the edge of their catalogues—a subgenre of progressive fusion where these same pioneers stripped away the traditional scaffolding to touch upon pure ambient fusion.
Instead of high-energy solos, they took the electric instrumentation of rock and the improvisational freedom of jazz and used them to map out immense, quiet, and deeply cinematic spaces. A perfect testament to this evolution is Rypdal's 1976 album After the Rain. Fresh off his massive progressive fusion triumphs, the Norwegian guitarist locked himself in the studio entirely alone. Playing almost every instrument himself, he crafted an icy, emotionally raw piece of art that completely abandoned standard fusion energy, replacing it with towering walls of echoing guitar volume and bleak, pastoral synthesisers.
If you fancy exploring how this ambient subgenre evolved, here are, in chronological order, some fantastic tracks where traditional progressive fusion is completely upended by undeniable ambient and minimalist influences:
Joe Zawinul His Last Journey (from Zawinul, 1971)
Spectral tape-speed manipulation, overlapping ring-modulated electric pianos, and a total absence of traditional jazz rhythms. Recorded right in the creative fertile ground between his work on Miles Davis's In a Silent Way and the birth of Weather Report, Zawinul's self-titled solo record is a fundamental cornerstone of ambient fusion. On this track, Joe and Herbie Hancock weave a dense, dual- Rhodes texture that floats entirely untethered to a drumbeat. It is an intentional sonic tone poem—spacious, ruminative, and brilliantly unsettling.
Terje Rypdal Kjćre Maren (from After the Rain, 1976)
After cosmically chaotic progressive fusion on the album Odyssey released in previous year, Rypdal delivered dreamlike, translucent veils of echoing guitar volume, minimalist piano, and bleak, pastoral synthesisers.
Jon Hassell Vernal Equinox (from Vernal Equinox, 1977)
An entirely different beast of ambient avant-fusion that pushed the subgenre's boundaries outward. Trumpeter Jon Hassell took the electric textures of the era and smashed them into ambient minimalism and global field recordings. By treating his trumpet with microtonal electronic delays and layering it over floating synthesisers and acoustic percussion, he created a completely unprecedented style of fusion that feels like walking through a futuristic, nocturnal rainforest.
Eberhard Weber Fluid Rustle (from Fluid Rustle, 1979)
Having already established his brilliant style on records like Yellow Fields, Weber completely strips the music of any traditional rhythm section here, ditching drums entirely in favour of a pillowy, hypnotic haze of vibraphone, marimba, and a very young Bill Frisell on guitar. Melodies melt into spacious, wordless vocal textures provided by Norma Winstone and Bonnie Herman, anchored entirely by the deep resonance of Weber’s signature custom upright bass to build a lush, ambient-avant-fusion masterpiece.
Joni Mitchell God Must Be a Boogie Man (from Mingus, 1979)
Amazing track from Joni Mitchell's underrated 1979 masterpiece, featuring an all-star jazz-fusion backing band, with adventurous songwriting floating over spacious, jazz-inflected arrangements. The presence of bass virtuoso Jaco Pastorius adds another dimension, his fluid playing becoming part of the song's atmospheric fabric, while Joni's acoustic guitar snarls with a dangerous, unstable resonance, allowing acoustic minimalism to completely dissolve into a nocturnal soundscape.
Mark Isham Raffles in Rio (from Vapour Drawings, 1983)
Taking massive cues from the spacious, frozen guitar soundscapes that Rypdal pioneered in the late '70s, trumpeter and synthesist Mark Isham created a wonderful ambient-fusion music. The focus here is entirely on slow-moving brass textures, swelling synthesisers, and the electronic percussion masterwork delivered by Peter Van Hooke that altogether build an incredible sense of isolated majesty.
Shankar Psychic Elephant (from Vision, 1984)
Towering, echoing drones, microtonal double-violin runs, and stark, spacious interactions between brass and strings. This track sees maestro Shankar piloting his famous 10-string stereophonic double violin alongside jazz stalwarts Jan Garbarek and Palle Mikkelborg. The song completely ditches the super-rapid-fire speed often associated with violin-driven progressive jazz-rock/fusion, opting instead for an ambient, yet emotional soundscape.
Goldbug Elevation (from The Seven Dreams, 2010)
This track is a masterclass in modern, abrasive ambient fusion with the avant-garde edge. It's sailing in an ethereal solitude, with Theo Thravis' haunting saxophone, and abstract electronic field textures floating through deep space.
David Torn Its Own Dimension (from Now I Imagine a Place Not the Same, 2026)
On this track, the pioneering guitarist in this subgenre returns to his roots while firmly moving the things forward. Captured with an incredible emphasis on tactile presence by producer Randall Dunn, the guitar essentially becomes a breathing, organic synthesiser. Torn builds structures that drift between delicate tonal fragments and massive walls of electronic feedback, letting the track comfortably define its own physical space within a contemporary take on the ambient-fusion subgenre.
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When Elegance Splits Wide Open – An Introduction to Chamber Progressive
While we often associate prog with mysterious acoustic guitar intros & interludes, soaring guitar soloing, crazy synthesisers swirls, enigmatic 'tron waves, heavy riff powerhouses, there is an entire world of progressive experimentation happening on a more intimate, almost entirely acoustic spectrum. If you fancy a dip into something deeply atmospheric, rhythmically demanding, and fiercely independent, you need to check out the chamber progressive genre.
At its core, chamber progressive takes the instrumentation and formal discipline of classical chamber music and completely infuses it with the experimental edge of prog. Instead of sticking to "standard" prog-rock formats or merely playing classical arrangements on synthesisers, artists utilise instruments like cellos, violins, oboes, and clarinets to craft complex, intricate, and often rhythmically unhinged counterpoint. It is rock music stripped of its traditional bombast, replaced instead by a haunting, cerebral brilliance that has quietly thrived on the margins of progressive music for over half a century.
Here are seven chamber progressive tracks, each by every decade of prog, by various artists of different artistic styles, yet in all of them the chamber textures are completely upended by progressive music idiom:
The Moody Blues The Night (including Nights in White Satin) (from The Days of Future Passed, 1967)
Hailing from the United Kingdom, this legendary outfit laid down the absolute blueprints for the genre in the Swinging Sixties. By intertwining the rich, cinematic textures of the London Festival Orchestra with their own melancholic rock sensibilities, they created something entirely unprecedented. The composition acts as a grand finale, framing a passionate vocal melody inside an expansive orchestral suite where sweeping woodwinds, cascading cellos, and a dreamy atmosphere break the then standard pop-rock format wide open to enter the progressive music meta-genre already in 1967.
Electric Light Orchestra Manhattan Rumble (49th Street Massacre) (from Electric Light Orchestra, 1971)
The early days of this famous British band were progressive as hell and a far cry from their later pop-rock success. In this instrumental gem, classical cello and violin motifs are suddenly disrupted by jagged tempo shifts, unpredictable bursts of distorted rock energy, with an unsettling, experimental midsection, demonstrating the beautiful infancy of rock-classical hybridisation.
Univers Zero The Funeral Plain (from Heatwave, 1986)
From Belgium, the true masters of the darker side of this genre deliver a masterclass in tension. Built around a creeping, ominous bassline and dense, dissonant woodwind arrangements, the track slowly unravels like a modernist classical piece wrapped in a gothic nightmare. The composition uses microtonal layers, sinister oboe lines, and irregular, minimalist percussion to create an overwhelming sense of dread, entirely avoiding the comfort of standard rock rhythms.
After Crying A Gadarai Megszállott (from Megalázottak És Megszomorítottak, 1992)
This remarkable Hungarian outfit takes a highly intellectual and emotional approach to the genre. The track blends solemn, academic piano work with weeping cello lines and soaring, symphonic trumpet flourishes. The composition brilliantly balances heartbreaking, neoclassical romanticism with sudden, aggressive progressive rock time changes, creating a sprawling piece that feels both ancient and entirely contemporary.
Rational Diet Stop, Kolpakoff! (from Rational Diet, 2007)
Representing the modern Eastern European wave of chamber progressive music from Belarus, this ensemble delivers a highly frantic and challenging sound. The track is a dizzying puzzle of interlocking violin, cello, and bassoon lines that mimic the mechanical urgency of 20th-century avant-garde classical music. There are spoken vocals, which are supposed to be a text by the Russian avant-garde poets Daniil Charms and Alexei Kruchemykh, and they contribute to the general eccentricity of this particular work. With zero reliance on standard rock tropes, the composition thrives on sharp tonal contrasts, sudden silences, and a continuous, breathless momentum.
iamthemorning i.b.too (from ~ (aka tilde), 2012)
Originally from Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, now based in England, this duo offers an enchanting, dreamy take on the genre. The track is driven by virtuoso, rolling classical piano lines and ethereal, melancholic vocals that mask a complex rhythmic structure. The orchestration beautifully weaves acoustic guitar, strings, and subtle percussion together, proving that chamber prog can be incredibly elegant, accessible, and emotionally devastating all at once.
Dr ToppleOppleOv and the Theatre of Radical Thought The Tide at the Bottom of the Garden Wall (from The Tide at the Bottom of the Garden Wall, 2021)
A contemporary gem from the UK, this project pushes the boundaries of modern theatrical progressive music. The composition relies on eccentric, contrapuntal woodwind dialogues and shifting, eccentric time signatures that constantly keep the listener off-balance. It feels like a whimsical yet highly academic piece of theatre music, utilising traditional chamber textures to build an unpredictable, episodic musical journey.
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When Geometry Rocks – An Introduction to Math Rock
Aside from otherworldly sounds from the seas of Mellotron, insane synthesiser exaltation, spectacular guitar soloing, haunting acoustic guitars and eerie pianos, odd time signatures are one of the basic characteristics of prog-rock. However, math rock insists on odd time signatures and that is absolutely the main feature of this subgenre. Math rock totally rejects standard verse-chorus formulas and the traditional 4/4 backbeat. Instead, it treats composition like a complex jigsaw puzzle, relying on non-standard, constantly shifting time signatures (like 7/8, 11/8, or even alternating bars), stop-start dynamics, and highly angular, intertwining guitar patterns. Vocals play a minor, if any, part in math rock, which is typically instrumental.
So, here are the concert performances of seven tracks, spanning over decades, illustrating how complex mathematical structures completely hijacked the 'Rock' idiom:
King Crimson Red live @ The Warfield Theatre, San Francisco, CA., 1995
Robert Fripp and his stripped-down trio practically invented the proto-math rock template right here, in this incredibly influential instrumental that is originally the title track of the King Crimson album Red from 1974. It is a masterclass in heavy, interlocking geometric precision. Built on a menacing, cyclical guitar riff that shifts through irregular intervals and complex time signatures, the composition feels cold, calculating, and absolutely relentless. Rather than relying on blues-based soloing, the band pieces together a mechanical tapestry that predicted the entire math-rock landscape decades before it even had a name.
Shellac My Black Ass live @ Newport, England, 1994
This minimalist power trio from Chicago, spearheaded by the late legendary audio engineer Steve Albini, laid down the ironclad, abrasive rules for the first half '90s math-inflected underground. The track is from their 1994 album At Action Park. Built on a harsh tone and drums that hit like industrial machinery, the composition operates on strict, jarring stop-start dynamics and tightly structured rhythmic displacement. It is rock music stripped down to its bare, mathematical skeleton.
Zazen Boys Daruma live @ Nagoya Club Quattro, 2008
Representing the incredibly frantic and sharp underground scene in Japan, this brilliant Tokyo outfit delivers an absolute masterclass in jagged rhythmics through a fierce live performance. The track is driven by a spastic, interlocking guitar dance and dizzying, razor-sharp drum stop-starts that mimic the strict logic of a mathematical equation. Rhythmic displacement and complex, unpredictable time shifts are the absolute rulers of this composition, creating an intensely kinetic groove.
Casse Brique Les seins de Mélanie live @ Le Port, La Réunion, 2010
Born out of Brussels, this fiercely independent Belgian duo consists of Max on drums and Julien on guitar/bass. The track is an incredible, subterranean piece of mathematical architecture that effortlessly navigates between sweet, melodic lightness and sudden, heavy, punk-infused rhythmic outbursts. The composition operates as a brilliant, organic dialogue where complex time shifts feel completely effortless yet structurally unhinged, proving that you don't need a massive ensemble to deliver deep, mind-bending progressive friction that leaves static gatekeepers drooling in total confusion.
Hipnagoga Slike Terase (Terraces) live @ Kombank Arena, 2012
Based in Belgrade, Serbia, this exceptional trio delivered a live performance that serves as a masterclass in regional math-rock proficiency. The composition is entirely driven by a virtuoso, hyper-precise guitar and bass interplay that weaves intricate geometric patterns over a volatile rhythmic canvas. Moving seamlessly through irregular intervals, sudden dynamic shifts, and complex time signatures—all backed by stellar drumming—the track handles heavy instrumental friction with breathtaking agility and academic rigour. It is an undeniably progressive and rhythmically sophisticated piece of live architecture, delivered by a band that chose not to release full-length albums, opting instead to share their music exclusively via YouTube.
Cleft External Complications live @ The Roadhouse, Manchester, 2012
Hailing from England, this incredible, now-defunct Manchester duo (consisting of just a guitarist and a drummer) described their own style as "turbo-math-rock", which tells you everything you need to know about their energy. The track is an absolute masterclass in instrumental agility, built on an intricate maze of lightning-fast guitar tapping, angular riffs, and dizzying rhythmic shifts. The composition, originally from their 2012 debut entitled Utter, operates with mathematical perfection, moving seamlessly through erratic time changes and abrupt stop-start dynamics while maintaining a high-octane groove.
Murphy Radio Graduation Song live @ Eco Park, Ancol, Indonesia, 2025
Coming from Samarinda, Indonesia, this math-rock outfit brings an effervescent energy to the table through a live performance. The track is a masterclass in modern, twinkly math precision, where bright, jangly guitars, sliding basslines, and hyper-dynamic drumming lock together in a celebratory dance. Rather than keeping the math cold and mechanical, the composition injects a deeply emotional, cinematic, and floaty aesthetic directly into its complex time signatures. It is a vibrant, rhythmically volatile piece of live architecture that proves how technical brilliance can harmonise with raw, personal emotion.
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